Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder is Associated with Increased rates of Childhood Infectious Diseases: A Population-Based Case-Control Study

We investigated an association between ADHD and an increased risk for childhood infections in a population-based, case-control study including 18,756 children with ADHD and 37,512 matched controls. Children with ADHD had significantly higher rates of multi-systems infectious diseases, increased need for anti-infective agents, and physicians’ visits due to infections. We concluded that children with ADHD exhibit increased vulnerability to infectious diseases. Considering the high prevalence and chronicity of ADHD, these findings are a significant public health concern, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic.

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